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The planet, small, dark circle, crosses in front of the star as seen from Earth. In the process, it blocks out some light. The light curve, shown on the bottom, is a plot of brightness versus time, and shows that the star brightness is steady until the exoplanet starts to cover up some of the visible surface of the star. As it does so, the star dims. It eventually returns back to its normal brightness only to await the next transit.}}{150}} \newlabel{exotransit}{{12.9}{150}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {12.3.2}Direct Detection}{150}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12.10}{\ignorespaces A coronagraphic image of an exoplanet orbiting the star Fomalhaut (inside the box, with the arrow labeled ``2012''). This image was obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, and the star's light has been blocked-out using a small metal disk. 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But if you know the mass and radius of the exoplanet host star, you can determine other details about the exoplanet's orbit. As the figure suggests, by observing multiple transits of an exoplanet, you can actually determine whether it has a moon! This is because the exoplanet and its moon orbit around the center of mass of the system (``barycenter''), and thus the planet appears to wobble back and forth relative to the host star.}}{152}} \newlabel{transit}{{12.11}{152}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {12.5}Deriving Parameters from Transit Light Curves}{153}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12.12}{\ignorespaces The light curve of Kepler 1b as measured by the {\it Kepler} satellite. The numbers on the y-axis are the total counts (how much light was measured), while the x-axis is ``modified Julian days''. This is a system that simply makes it easy to figure out periods of astronomical events since it is a number that increases by 1 every day (instead of figuring out how many days there were between June 6$^{\rm th}$ and November 3$^{\rm rd}$). Thus, to get an orbital period you just subtract the MJD of one event from the MJD of the next event.}}{154}} \newlabel{kepler}{{12.12}{154}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12.13}{\ignorespaces Transiting exoplanet \#1. 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