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A little history...
Tycho Brahe:
Lived: 1546-1601 (died of pee.)
Party animal
Made many observations of the planets naked-eye
Compiled many lists of observations
Johannes Kepler:
Lived: 1571-1630
Tycho's student
Analyzed Tycho's tables of data
Derived 3 laws to explain all of it (actually, a lot more)