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A Final Word: Supernovae

- How do we know the actual distances to galaxies without using Hubble's Law? Supernovae.

- Type I Supernovae act as "standard candles"...they're always the same Luminosity.

- So, their apparent brightness can tell us the distance using the inverse square law.

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- Example: The Andromeda Galaxy is 1 Mpc away and had a Supernova in 1885 just barely visible to the naked eye.

- If we see a galaxy with a supernova 4 times fainter, how far away is that galaxy?